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Exercise files for: Microsoft Excel for Accounting. Exercise files for: Payroll Accounting, 9E. Exercise files for: Payroll Accounting, 8E. Exercise files for: Payroll Accounting, 7E. Exercise files for: QuickBooks Exercise files for: QuickBooks Comprehensive. Computer Basics. Exercise files for: Your Digital Foundation. Microsoft Office FastCourse Microsoft Office Additional Content.
Using Macros in Excel. Last Name. Email Address. Confirm Password. I'm not sure if my school will be using eLab or an LMS Do not register in eLab unless told to do so by your instructor. If you have a print book or license card you may have an Activation ID that you can convert to a Redemption Code by clicking here. View FAQ Contact us. Our materials are made with students in mind, so why would our prices be any different? With eLab and our VitalSource ebook, students and teachers have access to automatic grading software, multimedia content, and more.
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Microsoft excel 2016 comprehensive (w/elab access code) free
Te prednos Microsoft Virtualization helps you understand and implement the latest virtualization strategies available with Microsoft products. Whether you are managing Hyper-V, implementing desktop virtualization, or even migrating virtual machines, this book is packed with coverage on all aspects of these processes. Written by a talented team of Microsoft MVPs, Microsoft Virtualization is the leading resource for a full installation, migration, or integration of virtual syste.
This is Trusted Microsoft Support number provide instant support. Microsoft big data solutions. Tap the power of Big Data with Microsoft technologies Big Data is here, and Microsoft 's new Big Data platform is a valuable tool to help your company get the very most out of it. Focusing primarily on Microsoft and HortonWorks technologies but also covering open source tools, Microsoft Big Data Solutions explains best practices, covers on-premises and cloud-based solutions, and features valuable case studies.
Best of all,. Y2K - Microsoft. Presentation describes the position of Microsoft , its compliance statement, its Year approach and its modified rapid replacement strategy. The Microsoft Year process as planned is based on the following solution: 'fix, replace, outsource, retire'.
Seven Deadliest Microsoft Attacks. Do you need to keep up with the latest hacks, attacks, and exploits effecting Microsoft products? Then you need Seven Deadliest Microsoft Attacks. This book pinpoints the most dangerous hacks and exploits specific to Microsoft applications, laying out the anatomy of these attacks including how to make your system more secure. You will discover the best ways to defend against these vicious hacks with step-by-step instruction and learn techniques to make your computer and network impenetrable.
Il caso Microsoft. Directory of Open Access Journals Sweden. In the software in-dustry companies compete over the standard of interconnection, which can be provided at various levels in the production chain, and the competitive environment cannot therefore be restricted to the typical relevant antitrust market.
Not only on account of the problems in defining the antitrust mar-ket in a sensible way but also for other crucial reasons we encountered some difficulty in determining Microsoft 's market power with the traditional methods. Hence a new definition of market power has been produced. Within this new framework we have been able to give a precise content to the statement that Microsoft has a market power, which is the pivotal point of the case.
We have also shown that changes in the market structure, like the acquisition of Netscape by America on Line, could have substantially lessened this market power to the point where antitrust action is no longer desirable. Beginning Microsoft Excel Beginning Microsoft Excel is a practical, step-by-step guide to getting started with the world's most widely used spreadsheet application. Microsoft is rolling out several new features with Excel - perhaps the most notable is the ability to use Excel online and this collaborate on a project in real time.
Beginning Microsoft Office keeps you up-to-date with all of these new features and more. What you'll l. Net : Hotel Spa. Application development using Microsoft. Mastering Microsoft Azure infrastructure services. Understand, create, deploy, and maintain a public cloud using Microsoft Azure Mastering Microsoft Azure Infrastructure Services guides you through the process of creating and managing a public cloud and virtual network using Microsoft Azure.
With step-by-step instruction and clear explanation, this book equips you with the skills required to provide services both on-premises and off-premises through full virtualization, providing a deeper understanding of Azure's capabilities as an infrastructure service. Each chapter includes online videos that visualize and enhance the concepts presented i.
Mastering Microsoft Exchange Server A top-selling guide to Exchange Server-now fully updated for Exchange Server Keep your Microsoft messaging system up to date and protected with the very newest version, Exchange Server , and this comprehensive guide. Whether you're upgrading from Exchange Server SP1 or earlier, installing for the first time, or migrating from another system, this step-by-step guide provides the hands-on instruction, practical application, and real-world advice you need.
Saimaan ammattikorkeakoulun sosiaali- ja terveysalan tietotekniikan perusteiden itseopiskelukurssi: Microsoft Windows 7 ja Microsoft Office Word Security analysis of Microsoft RMS. RMS allows to apply different access policies for documents, thus allowing to control their use in time. The system allows not only defining access policies at document creation, but also after its distribution. Microsoft RMS uses a number of advanced cryptographic mechanisms and primitives to ensure overall service security.
In this paper, we have analyzed the security of RMS, indicating a number of possible gaps. The methods of solving those problems, especially those related to data integrity, have been proposed. Full Text Available The experimental design was conducted to investigate the use of Microsoft Mathematics, free software made by Microsoft Corporation, in teaching and learning Calculus.
Two classes of the students from the first year student in Universitas Serang Raya were participated in the study. Bernstein, Philip A. Describes the programming interface and implementation of the repository engine and the Open Information Model for Microsoft Repository, an object-oriented meta-data management facility that ships in Microsoft Visual Studio and Microsoft SQL Server. Discusses Microsoft 's component object model, object manipulation, queries, and information….
Microsoft Biology Initiative:. MBF is a language-neutral bioinformatics toolkit built as an extension to the Microsoft. NET Framework—initially aimed at the area of Genomics research. MBT is a collection of tools that enable biology and bioinformatics researchers to be more productive in making scientific discoveries.
Publishing time and date with the release, Beginning Microsoft SQL Server Programming begins with a quick overview of database design basics and the SQL query language and then quickly proceeds to sho. The experimental design was conducted to investigate the use of Microsoft Mathematics, free software made by Microsoft Corporation, in teaching and learning Calculus.
This paper reports results from experimental study details on implementation of Microsoft Mathematics in Calculus, students' achievement and the effects of the use of Microsoft….
Microsoft System Center R2 compliance management cookbook. Whether you are an IT manager, an administrator, or security professional who wants to learn how Microsoft Security Compliance Manager and Microsoft System Center can help fulfil compliance and security requirements, this is the book for you. Prior knowledge of Microsoft System Center is required. Detailed technical information on security processes for all major Microsoft applications.
These buyouts are analyzed and commented by experts of the industry. This research paper attempted to collate their view in the context of Microsoft and Nokia deal on six parameters. The bestselling guide to Exchange Server, fully updated for the newest version Microsoft Exchange Server is touted as a solution for lowering the total cost of ownership, whether deployed on-premises or in the cloud. Like the earlier editions, this comprehensive guide covers every aspect of installing, configuring, and managing this multifaceted collaboration system.
It offers Windows systems administrators and consultants a complete tutorial and reference, ideal for anyone installing Exchange Server for the first time or those migrating from an earlier Exchange Server version.
Based in Croatia, where he enjoys sailing the Adriatic coast and islands, he spoke with the authors during and about his experience launching Microsoft 's commercial presence in…. Microsoft Dynamics GP implementation. A step-by-step guide for planning and carrying out your Microsoft Dynamics GP implementation. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of setup screens and practical examples and advice are included for the Dynamics GP system and core modules.
If you are a new or existing Microsoft Dynamics GP consultant or an end user who wants to implement, install, and set up core modules of Dynamics GP , then this book is for you.
A basic understanding of business management systems and either Dynamics GP or a similar application is recommended. Microsoft SQL Server bible. Harness the powerful new SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is the most significant update to this product since , and it may change how database administrators and developers perform many aspects of their jobs.
If you're a database administrator or developer, Microsoft SQL Server Bible teaches you everything you need to take full advantage of this major release. This detailed guide not only covers all the new features of SQL Server , it also shows you step by step how to develop top-notch SQL Server databases and new data connections and keep your databases performing at p. Microsoft Expression Web for dummies.
Expression Web is Microsoft 's newest tool for creating and maintaining dynamic Web sites. This FrontPage replacement offers all the simple ""what-you-see-is-what-you-get"" tools for creating a Web site along with some pumped up new features for working with Cascading Style Sheets and other design options.
Microsoft Expression Web For Dummies arrives in time for early adopters to get a feel for how to build an attractive Web site. Microsoft Azure security. This book is intended for Azure administrators who want to understand the application of security principles in distributed environments and how to use Azure to its full capability to reduce the risks of security breaches.
Only basic knowledge of the security processes and services of Microsoft Azure is required. Microsoft Visio business process diagramming and validation. Microsoft Visio Business Process Diagramming and Validation provides a comprehensive and practical tutorial including example code and demonstrations for creating validation rules, writing ShapeSheet formulae, and much more. If you are a Microsoft Visio Professional Edition power user or developer who wants to get to grips with both the essential features of Visio and the validation rules in this edition, then this book is for you.
A working knowledge of Microsoft Visio and optionally. NET for the add-on code is required, though previous knowledge of business process diagramming. Microsoft Dynamics GP financial management.
A standard tutorial-based approach covering Microsoft Dynamics GP and its six financial modules. The book is intended to allow users to improve their system use and workflow by introducing new modules to assist in financial management.
This book is for you if you're a Dynamics GP partner, or Dynamics GP user, primarily focused on delivering application optimizations. This book assumes that you have a working knowledge of Microsoft Dynamics GP and have an understanding of the requirements of financial management.
Mastering Microsoft SharePoint Foundation Everything IT professionals need to create collaborative solutions. SharePoint Foundation is the newest version of a powerful collaboration tool used in many Exchange-enabled organizations. This book gets network professionals and business application administrators up to speed on the updates, features, and installation procedures, preparing them to create powerful collaboration structures for their companies. Microsoft Office for Mac Bible.
Written by an expert in the field of technology training and author of nearly two dozen titles, this complete guide offers readers thorough yet clear instruction on using the Microsoft Office suite: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and EntourageApple has welcomed Microsoft Office into its world and this reference is the ultimate resource for learning how to best capitalize on each application of OfficeReviews creating, editing, formatting, and sharing digital documents with Word; gathering and analyzing information with Excel; creating dynamic presentations with PowerPoint; and using the e-mail and ca.
For the past several years Lynchburg College has developed Microsoft tutorials for use with academic classes and faculty, student and staff training.
The tutorials are now used internationally. Augmented Reality is an emerging field in technology, and encompasses Head Mounted Displays, smartphone apps, and even projected images.
The Microsoft HoloLens is designed to be used as an AR personal computer, and is being optimized with that goal in mind. Microsoft allied with the Unity3D game engine to create an SDK for interested application developers that can be used in the Unity environment.
Visual intelligence Microsoft tools and techniques for visualizing data. Go beyond design concepts and learn to build state-of-the-art visualizations The visualization experts at Microsoft 's Pragmatic Works have created a full-color, step-by-step guide to building specific types of visualizations. The book thoroughly covers the Microsoft toolset for data analysis and visualization, including Excel, and explores best practices for choosing a data visualization design, selecting tools from the Microsoft stack, and building a dynamic data visualization from start to finish.
You'll examine different types of visualizations, their strengths and weaknesses, a. Papers published in the astronomical community, particularly in the field of double star research, often contain plots that display the positions of the component stars relative to each other on a Cartesian coordinate plane.
Due to the complexities of plotting a three-dimensional orbit into a two-dimensional image, it is often difficult to include an accurate reproduction of the orbit for comparison purposes. Methods to circumvent this obstacle do exist; however, many of these protocols result in low-quality blurred images or require specific and often expensive software. Here, a method is reported using Microsoft Paint and Microsoft Excel to produce high-quality images with an accurate reproduction of a partial orbit.
It is hard to imagine a Microsoft venture falling under the weight of a competitor. That's the post-mortem offered by many academic librarians as they ponder the software giant's recent and sudden announcement that it is shutting down its book-digitization project. The librarians' conclusion: Google did it. Microsoft quietly revealed in May that…. Microsoft DirectAccess best practices and troubleshooting. This book covers best practices and acts as a complete guide to DirectAccess and automatic remote access.
Microsoft DirectAccess Best Practices and Troubleshooting is an ideal guide for any existing or future DirectAccess administrator and system administrators who are working on Windows Server This book will also be beneficial for someone with a basic knowledge of networking and deployment of Microsoft operating systems and software who wants to learn the intricacies of DirectAccess and its interfaces.
This research is a quantitative approach, with a quasi-experimental research methods. The samples of the research were taken by using the cluster random sampling technique. Full Text Available Wide area and thus continental mapping extending beyond national borders is a novel concept in civilian photogrammetry. The Microsoft Global Ortho Program was launched in the Spring of as a result of Microsoft 's need for global geo-data at a high geometric resolution and radiometric excellence.
The ortho-maps are being published to Microsoft 's Bing Maps Internet mapping portal. The Global Ortho Program was designed for highly and unprecedented automated mapping of essentially entire continents.
In , exclusive of flight operations, the product output per person has been measured in excess of , square km per year. We describe research efforts that made this achievement possible. While addressing these issues, we provide ideas how this might affect the future of spatial infrastructure initiatives.
A complete, winning approach to the number one small business solution. Do you have 75 or fewer users or devices on your small-business network? Find out how to integrate everything you need for your mini-enterprise with Microsoft 's new Windows Server Small Business Server, a custom collection of server and management technologies designed to help small operations run smoothly without a giant IT department.
This comprehensive guide shows you how to master all SBS components as well as handle integration with other Microsoft technologies. In this paper the implementation of a Microsoft Windows driver including APIs supporting multiple pointing devices is presented.
Microsoft Windows does not natively support multiple pointing devices controlling independent cursors, and a number of solutions to this have been implemented by us and Here we motivate and describe a general solution, and how user applications can use it by means of a framework. The device driver and the supporting APIs will be made available free of charge.
Interested parties can contact the author for more information Microsoft Word for law firms. Focusing only on those features of Microsoft Word that are relevant to the legal community, this updated edition of the Payne Group's market-leading guide to Word provides industry-specific information about the computer program that will help legal professionals operate effectively and efficiently in their environment.
A companion website also includes customized legal templates and documents, hands-on exercises, and practice files, among many other services.
Whether they are using Word for the first time or simply updating to the most recent version, readers will find all of the information they'll need to increase their productivity and make the most out of Microsoft 's word processing program in this expert manual. Full Text Available A special mechanism of signature method while detecting virus signatures in binary files is detected and researched. It has been found that antivirus Microsoft Secutiry Essentials does not detect viruses in digitally signed binary files.
Cessation of electronic delivery of Microsoft software for home use. CERN Multimedia. Please note that electronic delivery of Microsoft software for home use is no longer available for reasons independent of CERN.
The IT and FP departments are working on alternative solutions. Dividendist teenivad tulu ka Eesti pankade vahendusel Microsofti investeerinud inimesed. Lisa: Enam kui pooled on piraadid. The database in Microsoft Access is a set of objects consisting of tables, queries, forms, reports.
Archival system is basically to store useful various files for organizations with the specific rules so the files can be found quickly and easily. Therefore; Microsoft Office Access is an appropriate breakthrough to build archival application systems based on Microsoft Office Access. It is not only easy to be operated but also available a package of Microsoft Office program. One of the most important benefits of the database is to facilitate the access to the data. The ease of accessing the data is the implication of the order data since it is the prerequisite of a good database.
The database of archiving system is an application or system design which allows the archives storage digitally. The objective of the e-archives application program using Microsoft Access is to facilitate the delivery of material practices of electronic filing e-archives. The purposes of the scientific study are: 1 to determine the basic concept and scope of Electronic archives e-archives, 2 To know how to use the media of electronic archives E-archives aided Microsoft Office Access in the learning activities for Vocational students of Office Administration program.
Microsoft entre monopolio y ciberseguridad. Microsoft Windows Router Configuration Guide. The purpose of this guide is to provide technical guidance to network administrators of small to medium size networks in the configuration and integration of Microsoft Windows Server Router features Microsoft Windows Network Architecture Guide. The purpose of this guide is to inform the reader about the services that are available in the Microsoft Windows environment and how to integrate these services into their network architecture In particular, we discuss two interesting and fascinating examples of interactive applications of Microsoft Excel targeted for undergraduate students in: 1 computational….
Microsoft Exchange cookbook. This book is a practical, hands-on guide that provides the reader with a number of clear, step-by-step exercises. It assumes you have some practical experience with previous versions of Exchange although this is not a requirement , without being a subject matter expert. Refactoring with Microsoft Visual Studio Refactor with Microsoft Visual Studio and evolve your software system to support new and ever-changing requirements by updating your C code base with patterns and principles with this book and eBook.
Mastering Microsoft Windows Server R2. The one book you absolutely need to get up and running with Windows Server R2. One of the world's leading Windows authorities and top-selling author Mark Minasi explores every nook and cranny of the latest version of Microsoft 's flagship network operating system, Windows Server R2, giving you the most in-depth coverage in any book on the market.
Microsoft has introduced a new search tool to help people find scholarly articles online. The service, which includes journal articles from prominent academic societies and publishers, puts Microsoft in direct competition with Google Scholar.
The new free search tool, which should work on most Web browsers, is called Windows Live Academic Search…. A Sybex study guide for the new SharePoint Server Configuration examSharePoint holds 55 percent of the collaboration and content management market, with many more companies indicating they plan to join the fold. IT professionals interested in enhancing their marketability with the new Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist: Microsoft SharePoint Server Configuring exam will find this guide may be their only alternative to costly classroom training.
Microsoft SharePoint claims over half the market for collaboration and content management software; IT professionals will boost their ma. Microsoft Hololens -applikaation toteuttaminen. Lisa: Microsofti elulugu. Het nieuwe werken bij Microsoft , een impressie.
VIAS organiseerde op 15 oktober een bedrijfsbezoek aan het Microsoft -kantoor op Schiphol, waar sinds de ingebruikname van het gebouw gewerkt wordt via het concept "het nieuwe werken". Juist daarover gaat deze bijdrage. Diagramm: Aktsia hind.
Diagrammatic documentation for ribbon computing in Microsoft Office. Full Text Available In Microsoft changed the graphical user interface of MS Office, and moved away from the long -established drop down menu approach to a ribbon graphical user interface.
Ericson mentioned that even the experienced user might have difficulty adopting the interface, and Dostal concluded that the biggest issue with the Ribbon User Interface is to get accustomed to a redesigned user interface. Reaction to this change was negative among our new and current students.
For years the students had tried to memorise how to apply the right commands in Microsoft Office applications by selecting the correct items from the dropdown menus of the WIMP windows, icons, menus, pointer interface, and now that they were confronted with the new interface their confusion had begun to slow their progress down. The major effect in transition from the traditional WIMP interface to the Ribbon interface had created a difficulty for most students who had their original training with the older versions of MS Office software, as they were not able to locate the commands that they had learnt with the earlier versions of the MS Office in the new Ribbon interfaced version.
The shrinking nature of the ribbon that would hide some commands on the ribbon when the resolution of the screen changes was also confusing for those students as they could not quickly locate the command they were looking for because the Ribbon had compacted them to save space. For both new students and also more experienced ones, the approach to learning the Ribbon Interface seemed to be difficult due to the fact that they had to memorise the hierarchy of tab names, group names and then the commands.
This led us to enhance our current teaching methods to try to deal with this change. Would you need to enhance your skills in Microsoft Office applications or Outlook? The next session will take place on September 7, morning. Course sessions will be self-paced and self-directed, with participants being in control of their learning, while having direct access to an instructor when in class.
Previous experience in web-based training is not required, as each session will start with an introduction to E-learning, and registration of the participa Previous experience in web-based training is not required, as each session will start with an introduction to E-learning, and registration of the participants into the app Previous experience in web-based training is not required, as each session will start with an introduction to E-learning, and registration of the partici Previous experience in web-based training is not required, as each session will start with an introduction to E-learning, and registration of the participants into the ap Previous experience in web-based training is not required, as each session will start with an introduction to E-learning, and registration of the participants into the The next session will take place on November 9, morning.
Course sessions are self-paced and self-directed, with participants being in control of their learning, while having direct access to an instructor when in class. Previous experience in web-based training is not required, as each session will start with an introduction to E-learning, and registration of the participants into the appropriate WBT Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager.
This book is a step-by-step tutorial that guides you through the key steps in implementing best solutions for high availability and performance tuning. It is split into two distinct approaches: client and site side HA and optimization. Written in an easy-to-follow, example-driven format, there are plenty of step-by-step instructions to help get you started!
The book has a friendly approach, with the opportunity to learn by experimenting. It's assumed that you will have some experience in databases systems and T-SQL. This book is will give you a good upshot view of each component and scenarios featuring th. Microsoft Windows networking essentials. The core concepts and technologies of Windows networking Networking can be a complex topic, especially for those new to the field of IT.
This focused, full-color book takes a unique approach to teaching Windows networking to beginners by stripping down a network to its bare basics, thereby making each topic clear and easy to understand. Focusing on the new Microsoft Technology Associate MTA program, this book pares down to just the essentials, showing beginners how to gain a solid foundation for understanding networking concepts upon which more advanced topics and technologies can be built.
La prochaine session aura lieu le 1er avril matin. Work has started on converting the visual editor to work in a Microsoft Windows environment. This initial work focuses on converting the display capabilities of the visual editor; the geometry creation capability of the visual editor may be included in future upgrades.
Precise descriptions and instructions enable users, students and consultants to easily understand Microsoft Dynamics AX Microsoft offers Dynamics AX as its premium ERP solution to support large and mid-sized organizations with a complete business management solution which is easy to use.
Going through a simple but comprehensive case study - the sample company 'Anso Technologies Inc. Exercises are there to train the processes and functionality, also making this book a good choice for self-s. Virtualize mission-critical Microsoft applications. How do you safely deploy Tier 1 apps in virtual environments? In this in-depth guide, VMware insiders Charles A. Windom, Hemant Gaidhani, and Alex Fontana show you how. You'll find out what to consider for each application before you virtualize it, and learn ho.
News from the Library: Microsoft products no longer on sale at the Bookshop. As you might know, for some time the Bookshop also acted as a point of sale of Microsoft products. Please note that this is no longer the case.
This website is available in three languages - English, French and German - and accepts payments by credit card or by money transfer from a bank account or PayPal. Please refer to this website for complete information on how to purchase Microsoft products. Your feedback is welcome! Please contact us by e-mail. Microsoft Windows Security Essentials.
Windows security concepts and technologies for IT beginners IT security can be a complex topic, especially for those new to the field of IT. This full-color book, with a focus on the Microsoft Technology Associate MTA program, offers a clear and easy-to-understand approach to Windows security risks and attacks for newcomers to the world of IT.
By paring down to just the essentials, beginners gain a solid foundation of security concepts upon which more advanced topics and technologies can be built. This straightforward guide begins each chapter by laying out a list of topics to be discussed,. If you are a BI developer, consultant, or architect who wishes to learn how to use SSRS and Power View, and want to understand the best use for each tool, then this book will get you up and running quickly.
No prior experience is required with either tool! Microsoft System Center Orchestrator cookbook. This book is written in a practical, Cookbook style with numerous chapters and recipes focusing on creating runbooks to automate mission critical and everyday administration tasks. System Center Orchestrator is for administrators who wish to simplify the process of automating systems administration tasks. Get to grips with a new technology, understand what it is and what it can do for you, and then get to work with the most important features and tasks.
Written in a practical, friendly manner this book will take you through the journey from installing SQL Server to developing your first cubes. At the Libraries Service Center, statistics are generated on a monthly, quarterly, and yearly basis by using four Microsoft Excel workbooks. These statistics provide information about what materials are being requested and by whom.
They also give details about why certain requests may not have been filled. Utilizing Excel allows for a shallower…. Zen of cloud learning cloud computing by examples on Microsoft Azure. Zen of Cloud: Learning Cloud Computing by Examples on Microsoft Azure provides comprehensive coverage of the essential theories behind cloud computing and the Windows Azure cloud platform.
Sharing the author's insights gained while working at Microsoft 's headquarters, it presents nearly 70 end-to-end examples with step-by-step guidance on implementing typical cloud-based scenarios. The book is organized into four sections: cloud service fundamentals, cloud solutions, devices and cloud, and system integration and project management.
Each chapter contains detailed exercises that provide readers w. LICSS - a chemical spreadsheet in microsoft excel. Representations of chemical datasets in spreadsheet format are important for ready data assimilation and manipulation. In addition to the normal spreadsheet facilities, chemical spreadsheets need to have visualisable chemical structures and data searchable by chemical as well as textual queries.
Many such chemical spreadsheet tools are available, some operating in the familiar Microsoft Excel environment. However, within this group, the performance of Excel is often compromised, particularly in terms of the number of compounds which can usefully be stored on a sheet.
Compounds in sheets or charts may be visualised individually or en masse , and sheets may be searched by substructure or similarity. All the molecular descriptors available in CDK may be calculated for compounds in batch or on-the-fly , and various cheminformatic operations such as fingerprint calculation, Sammon mapping, clustering and R group table creation may be carried out. We also explain the design criteria, particularly in terms of potential corporate use, which led to this particular implementation.
A direct comparison with commercial software was also provided. These findings suggest that GEDAE-LaB is a free software easily comprehended by users minimally familiarized with adopted procedures for calculations of energetic profile using oxygen uptake and lactate accumulation during exercise. By providing availability of the software and its source code we hope to facilitate future related research. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. The establishment of the amount of energy expenditure during exercise has been considered of key importance for strategy development aiming at both health [ 1 ] and athletic performance [ 2 ] improvement.
Over the past century, many methods have emerged in literature in order to assess energetic profiles during dynamic exercise [ 3 , 4 ]. It has been widely accepted that whole-body oxygen uptake can be used to represent aerobic system contribution A MET [ 5 ].
On the other hand, there is no universal method accepted as gold standard to estimate anaerobic system contribution [ 5 , 6 ]. Aside from being an invasive procedure, the small sample size taken in the biopsy for the determination of maximum amount of ATP that can be resynthesized by anaerobic system might result in an inaccurate estimative [ 6 ].
Among the main methods using whole-body physiological variables to estimate AL MET and LA MET , the measurement of post-exercise and blood lactate accumulation during exercise has been probably the most widely used [ 2 , 8 , 9 ]. In this model, AL MET is assessed by the determination of the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption [ 10 , 11 ], while LA MET is assessed by calculating the lactate accumulation O 2 equivalent [ 12 ], respectively.
Previous studies have demonstrated that this non-invasive method is able to properly assess the energy amount supplied by the anaerobic system when compared with other traditional methods such as maximal accumulated oxygen deficit [ 8 ] and Wingate test [ 9 ]. Furthermore, this method also has the additional advantage of enabling the establishment of energetic profile using portable metabolic system in a large variety of non-laboratory-based activities, such as weight training [ 2 ], rock climbing [ 13 ], ballet [ 14 ], and karate [ 15 ].
The convenience of this method is especially important because the increase of knowledge with regard to energy systems contributions during real life situations might provide a greater effectiveness of training strategies to improve both health and athletic performance. Although this method provides many methodological advantages, it requires the use of some mathematical functions that may be unusual for some exercise physiologists.
For example, in order to determine the AL MET during exercise is necessary to fit the post-exercise kinetics using a bi- or a mono-exponential model [ 8 , 9 , 16 ]. In addition, the area over the time used to represent the A MET has been determined using a trapezoid rule [ 14 , 17 , 18 ]. Excel , the determination of the AL MET is substantially more complex because it is necessary to choose appropriate exponential equations and insert first-estimated values for each parameter for those are not automatically provided.
Given that computer capabilities have been improved over the last decades, an array of emerging software packages have assisted in these data analyses. However, because available software packages are not free and were not designed especially for energy expenditure determination, they still might be considered costly, time-consuming, expertise-requiring and error-prone in their use.
Unfortunately, the lack of direct available software may discourage physiologists from determining the metabolic profile during exercise. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop open-source software with an easy-to-use interface designed to calculate the energy system contributions and energy expenditure during exercise, using measurements of and blood lactate accumulation.
A direct comparison with a conventional commercial software and measurement of reliability of the GEDAE-LaB across different exercise physiologists were also provided.
Eleven male students of physical education age The participants had been training 3—4 times per week in recreational sports jogging, soccer, and cycling for at least one year. The participants were free of neuromuscular and cardiovascular dysfunctions and were not taking any medications at the time of data collection.
They received a verbal explanation of the possible benefits, risks, and discomfort associated with the study and signed a written informed consent before participating in the study. The participants visited the laboratory on three separate occasions. These workload-constant tests were carried out in a counterbalanced order.
Each test was performed in two different occasions, at least 48 hours apart, in the same time of the day to avoid any circadian interference [ 19 ]. The oxygen uptake and plasma lactate accumulation were measured during workload-constant tests to determinate energy expenditure profile using GEDAE-LaB. The participants were instructed to refrain from exhaustive exercises and caffeine during the 24h preceding the testing sessions, and to avoid food intake about 2 h before the tests.
Subjects were also instructed to maintain the same diet habits throughout the study. All tests were performed in different days in a controlled laboratory environment Only one investigator was an expert in the procedures adopted for the calculations of energy expenditure, while others were not familiarized with these procedures. The investigators that were not familiarized with the calculations were instructed to perform each phase of the calculations using only the information contained in the GEDAE-LaB.
The results were blinded among the investigators during analysis. The maximal incremental exercise test was carried out on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer Ergo Fit , Pirmansens, Germany. In order to attain maximum values, participants received strong verbal encouragement to continue as long as possible. The maximal heart rate HRmax was defined as the highest value obtained at the end of the test. The maximal oxygen uptake O 2 max was considered as the average of the oxygen uptake measured during the last 30 s of the test [ 20 ].
Maximal power output was established as the power output that elicited O 2 max. As previously described [ 21 ], the first ventilatory threshold was visually determined by two independent investigators using the following criteria: a the inflection point of VCO 2 with respect to , b the point of a nonlinear increase in , c the increase in PETO 2 while PETCO 2 remained stable.
When investigators were not in agreement, a third independent investigator was consulted. The same cycle ergometer and gas analyzer used in the maximal incremental test were used during the workload-constant tests. Before tests, the participants rested quietly on the cycle ergometer for 5 min to measure resting O 2 values O 2baseline.
Subsequently, they exercised during 10 min or until the exhaustion at two different workloads moderate or severe exercise domains. Exhaustion was defined as the incapacity to maintain a minimum pedal cadence of 60 rpm. The recovery time used to obtain the fast component of the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption was 10 min [ 8 ].
Gas exchanges were measured breath-by-breath using a gas analyzer calibrated according to manufacturer recommendations Cortex Metalyzer 3B, Cortex Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany. Heart rate was measured using a heart rate transmitter Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland connected to the gas analyzer. In this first version, GEDAE-LaB allows the determination of the contribution of each energy system using oxygen uptake measurement during and post exercise and blood or plasma lactate accumulation.
It is a free software, intentioned to facilitate analysis of energetic profile during exercise. This software was developed using Extreme Programming software development methodology [ 22 ] that focuses primarily on customer satisfaction.
This goal is achieved through several practices, including short development cycles and client presence; that is, the second and third authors were always present during development team working sessions. Since the doubts of programmers could be rapidly answered, the correct features were rightly implemented, avoiding unnecessary rework. Still based on Extreme Programming, the development team also created unit and acceptance tests that were run automatically after every change in the code was pushed to the repository, which enabled quicker responses to programming errors.
The trustworthiness created on tests allowed for the use of continuous integration, that is, after every code change committed, a new software version was put live on the server. The software development team worked in pairs that changed every session, so any programmer would know most of the software codebase and would be able to change anything—what is called collective ownership. The software was implemented as a website which allows anyone with Internet access to use it without installing anything.
The energy expenditure calculation is made on server side, which demands even less from client hardware. The application runs on a Tomcat webserver running a Linux operating system. Thus, physiological data must be inputted using comma and point as a fractional part for thousand and decimal, respectively.
The duration time of the measurement of the O 2 during exercise and recovery must be expressed using seconds s or using the format hh:mm:ss. These physiological data can be copied and pasted from their respective spreadsheets in the software.
The first template of GEDAE-LaB contains brief information about the software, followed by a second template where the users choose which energy system they wish to calculate. The mathematical functions used in GEDAE-LaB to estimate energetic profile during dynamic exercise were in accordance with previous studies [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The trapezoidal method is used to calculate the oxygen uptake area over time during exercise and thus to estimate A MET.
In the analyses presented in this study, we measured O 2 rest, which was automatically subtracted from oxygen uptake area by the software to obtain A MET. In the present study, we used a mono-exponential model to fit oxygen uptake data after moderate exercise domain and bi-exponential model after severe exercise domain.
Previous findings have suggested that the O 2 responses after exercise performed at moderate domain is better described by mono-exponential model, while the O 2 responses after exercise performed at severe domain is better described by bi-exponential [ 24 ].
In order to analyze a possible impact of the time of recovery on calculation of the AL MET , the fast component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption was determined using the O 2 data during 6, 8, and 10 min of recovery. Publication date. January 1, See all details. Next page. Tell the Publisher! I'd like to read this book on Kindle Don't have a Kindle? Choose your next adventure with virtual tours. Amazon Explore Browse now.
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