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Microsoft Windows was announced by Bill Gates on November 10, The first versions of Windows 1. Windows 95 , though still being based on MS-DOS, was its own operating system, using a bit DOS-based kernel [ citation needed ] and a bit user space. Windows 95 introduced many features that have been part of the product ever since, including the Start menu , the taskbar , and Windows Explorer renamed File Explorer in Windows 8.
It aimed to integrate Internet Explorer and the web into the user interface and also brought many new features into Windows, such as the ability to display JPEG images as the desktop wallpaper and single window navigation in Windows Explorer. Windows 98 included USB support out of the box, and also plug and play , which allows devices to work when plugged in without requiring a system reboot or manual configuration.
In , Microsoft released Windows NT 3. Unlike the Windows 9x series of operating systems, it is a fully bit operating system. In , Windows NT 4. Windows NT was originally designed to be used on high-end systems and servers, but with the release of Windows , many consumer-oriented features from Windows 95 and Windows 98 were included, such as the Windows Desktop Update , Internet Explorer 5 , USB support and Windows Media Player. These consumer-oriented features were further extended in Windows XP in , which included a new visual style called Luna , a more user-friendly interface, updated versions of Windows Media Player and Internet Explorer 6 by default, and extended features from Windows Me, such as the Help and Support Center and System Restore.
Windows Vista , which was released in , focused on securing the Windows operating system against computer viruses and other malicious software by introducing features such as User Account Control. New features include Windows Aero , updated versions of the standard games e.
Despite this, Windows Vista was critically panned for its poor performance on older hardware and its at-the-time high system requirements.
Windows 7 followed in nearly three years after its launch, and despite it technically having higher system requirements, [3] [4] reviewers noted that it ran better than Windows Vista. Windows 8 , which was released in , introduced many controversial changes, such as the replacement of the Start menu with the Start Screen, the removal of the Aero interface in favor of a flat, colored interface as well as the introduction of "Metro" apps later renamed to Universal Windows Platform apps , and the Charms Bar user interface element, all of which received considerable criticism from reviewers.
The following version of Windows, Windows 10 , which was released in , reintroduced the Start menu and added the ability to run Universal Windows Platform apps in a window instead of always in full screen.
Windows 10 was generally well-received, with many reviewers stating that Windows 10 is what Windows 8 should have been. The latest version of Windows, Windows 11 , was released on October 5, Windows 11 incorporates a redesigned user interface, including a new Start menu, a visual style featuring rounded corners, and a new layout for the Microsoft Store, [13] and also included Microsoft Edge by default.
The first independent version of Microsoft Windows, version 1. The project was briefly codenamed "Interface Manager" before the windowing system was implemented—contrary to popular belief that it was the original name for Windows and Rowland Hanson , the head of marketing at Microsoft, convinced the company that the name Windows would be more appealing to customers.
Windows 1. The first version of Microsoft Windows included a simple graphics painting program called Windows Paint ; Windows Write , a simple word processor ; an appointment calendar; a card-filer; a notepad ; a clock; a control panel ; a computer terminal ; Clipboard ; and RAM driver.
Microsoft had worked with Apple Computer to develop applications for Apple's new Macintosh computer, which featured a graphical user interface. As part of the related business negotiations, Microsoft had licensed certain aspects of the Macintosh user interface from Apple; in later litigation, a district court summarized these aspects as "screen displays".
In the development of Windows 1. For example, windows were only displayed "tiled" on the screen; that is, they could not overlap or overlie one another. On December 31, , Microsoft declared Windows 1. Microsoft Windows version 2. Much of the popularity for Windows 2. Microsoft Windows received a major boost around this time when Aldus PageMaker appeared in a Windows version, having previously run only on Macintosh.
Some computer historians [ who? Like prior versions of Windows, version 2. In such a configuration, it could run under another multitasker like DESQview , which used the protected mode. It was also the first version to support the High Memory Area when running on an Intel compatible processor. Version 2. In Apple Computer, Inc. Microsoft Corp. Judge William Schwarzer dropped all but 10 of Apple's claims of copyright infringement, and ruled that most of the remaining 10 were over uncopyrightable ideas.
On December 31, , Microsoft declared Windows 2. Windows 3. A few months after introduction, Windows 3. A "multimedia" version, Windows 3. This version was the precursor to the multimedia features available in Windows 3. The features listed above and growing market support from application software developers made Windows 3. Support was discontinued on December 31, Its API was incompatible with Windows. Version 1. They cooperated with each other in developing their PC operating systems, and had access to each other's code.
After an interim 1. Microsoft would later imitate much of it in Windows Still, much of the system had bit code internally which required, among other things, device drivers to be bit code as well. It also removed Real Mode, and only ran on an or better processor. Later Microsoft also released Windows 3. In and , Microsoft released Windows for Workgroups WfW , which was available both as an add-on for existing Windows 3.
Windows for Workgroups included improved network drivers and protocol stacks, and support for peer-to-peer networking.
There were two versions of Windows for Workgroups, WfW 3. Unlike prior versions, Windows for Workgroups 3. All these versions continued version 3. Even though the 3. The Windows API became the de facto standard for consumer software. On December 31, , Microsoft declared Windows 3. Meanwhile, Microsoft continued to develop Windows NT. This successor was codenamed Cairo. In hindsight, Cairo was a much more difficult project than Microsoft had anticipated and, as a result, NT and Chicago would not be unified until Windows XP —albeit Windows , oriented to business, had already unified most of the system's bolts and gears, it was XP that was sold to home consumers like Windows 95 and came to be viewed as the final unified OS.
Driver support was lacking due to the increased programming difficulty in dealing with NT's superior hardware abstraction model. This problem plagued the NT line all the way through Windows Programmers complained that it was too hard to write drivers for NT, and hardware developers were not going to go through the trouble of developing drivers for a small segment of the market.
Additionally, although allowing for good performance and fuller exploitation of system resources, it was also resource-intensive on limited hardware, and thus was only suitable for larger, more expensive machines. However, these same features made Windows NT perfect for the LAN server market which in was experiencing a rapid boom, as office networking was becoming common. Windows NT version 3. The Win32 API had three levels of implementation: the complete one for Windows NT, a subset for Chicago originally called Win32c missing features primarily of interest to enterprise customers at the time such as security and Unicode support, and a more limited subset called Win32s which could be used on Windows 3.
Thus Microsoft sought to ensure some degree of compatibility between the Chicago design and Windows NT, even though the two systems had radically different internal architectures.
Windows NT was the first Windows operating system based on a hybrid kernel. The hybrid kernel was designed as a modified microkernel , influenced by the Mach microkernel developed by Richard Rashid at Carnegie Mellon University, but without meeting all of the criteria of a pure microkernel. As released, Windows NT 3. The 3. Support for Windows NT 3.
After Windows 3. The Win32 API first introduced with Windows NT was adopted as the standard bit programming interface, with Win16 compatibility being preserved through a technique known as " thunking ".
A new object-oriented GUI was not originally planned as part of the release, although elements of the Cairo user interface were borrowed and added as other aspects of the release notably Plug and Play slipped.
Microsoft did not change all of the Windows code to bit; parts of it remained bit albeit not directly using real mode for reasons of compatibility, performance, and development time. Additionally it was necessary to carry over design decisions from earlier versions of Windows for reasons of backwards compatibility, even if these design decisions no longer matched a more modern computing environment.
These factors eventually began to impact the operating system's efficiency and stability. Microsoft marketing adopted Windows 95 as the product name for Chicago when it was released on August 24, Microsoft had a double gain from its release: first, it made it impossible for consumers to run Windows 95 on a cheaper, non-Microsoft DOS, secondly, although traces of DOS were never completely removed from the system and MS DOS 7 would be loaded briefly as a part of the booting process, Windows 95 applications ran solely in enhanced mode, with a flat bit address space and virtual memory.
These features make it possible for Win32 applications to address up to 2 gigabytes of virtual RAM with another 2 GB reserved for the operating system , and in theory prevented them from inadvertently corrupting the memory space of other Win32 applications. Three years after its introduction, Windows 95 was succeeded by Windows Unlike with Windows 3. Microsoft case, blaming unfair marketing tactics on Microsoft's part. Some companies sold new hard drives with OSR2 preinstalled officially justifying this as needed due to the hard drive's capacity.
The first Microsoft Plus! Microsoft ended extended support for Windows 95 on December 31, Microsoft released the successor to NT 3.
It was Microsoft's primary business-oriented operating system until the introduction of Windows Microsoft ended mainstream support for Windows NT 4.
Both editions were succeeded by Windows Professional and the Windows Server Family, respectively. This edition was succeeded by Windows XP Embedded.
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Windows server 2008 r2 enterprise wallpaper free.List of features removed in Windows Vista
Apply this hotfix only to systems that are experiencing the problem described in this article. This hotfix might receive additional testing. Therefore, if you are not severely affected by this problem, we recommend that you wait for the next software update that contains this hotfix. If the hotfix is available for download, there is a "Hotfix download available" section at the top of this Knowledge Base article.
If this section does not appear, contact Microsoft Customer Service and Support to obtain the hotfix. Note If additional issues occur or if any troubleshooting is required, you might have to create a separate service request.
The usual support costs will apply to additional support questions and issues that do not qualify for this specific hotfix. For a complete list of Microsoft Customer Service and Support telephone numbers or to create a separate service request, visit the following Microsoft Web site:.
If you do not see your language, it is because a hotfix is not available for that language. The global version of this hotfix installs files that have the attributes that are listed in the following tables.
The dates and the times for these files on your local computer are displayed in your local time together with your current daylight saving time DST bias. Additionally, the dates and the times may change when you perform certain operations on the files. Important Windows 7 hotfixes and Windows Server R2 hotfixes are included in the same packages. However, hotfixes on the Hotfix Request page are listed under both operating systems.
Always refer to the "Applies To" section in articles to determine the actual operating system that each hotfix applies to. The security catalog files, for which the attributes are not listed, are signed with a Microsoft digital signature. Important This section, method, or task contains steps that tell you how to modify the registry. However, serious problems might occur if you modify the registry incorrectly. Therefore, make sure that you follow these steps carefully.
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Archived from the original on 1 May Archived from the original on September 27, So far, neither has had any service packs yet, although many consider Windows 8. However, Windows 8. Windows 10 was unveiled on September 30, , as the successor for Windows 8, and was released on July 29, A number of new features like Cortana , the Microsoft Edge web browser, the ability to view Windows Store apps as a window instead of fullscreen, the return of the Start menu, virtual desktops, revamped core apps, Continuum, and a unified Settings app were all features debuted in Windows The system was announced as a service OS that would receive constant performance and stability updates.
Unlike Windows 8, Windows 10 received mostly positive reviews, praising improvements of stability and practicality than its predecessor, however, it received some criticsm due to mandatory update installation, privacy concerns and advertising-supported software tactics.
Although Microsoft claimed Windows 10 would be the last Windows version, eventually a new major release, Windows 11, was announced in That made Windows 10 last longer as Microsoft's flagship operating system than any other version of Windows, beginning with the public release on July 29, , for six years, and ending on October 5, , when Windows 11 was released.
Until late , Windows 10 had received twelve main updates. Windows Server is a release of the Microsoft Windows Server operating system that was unveiled on September 30, Windows Server is a release of the Microsoft Windows Server operating system that was announced on March 20, The first Windows Insider preview version was released on the same day.
It was released for general availability on October 2, Windows Server is based on the Windows 10 October Update codebase. On October 6, , distribution of Windows version build was paused while Microsoft investigated an issue with user data being deleted during an in-place upgrade. It affected systems where a user profile folder e. Documents, Music or Pictures had been moved to another location, but data was left in the original location.
As Windows Server is based on the Windows version codebase, it too was removed from distribution at the time, but was re-released on November 13, The software product life cycle for Server was reset in accordance with the new release date. Windows Server is a release of the Microsoft Windows Server operating system which is based on the Windows 10 November Update codebase. Windows 11 is the next generation release of Windows NT, and the successor to Windows Codenamed "Sun Valley", it was unveiled on June 24, , and was released on October 5, According to Microsoft, Windows 11 will be released for newer PCs first and then the initial release will continue till mid Windows 11 revamps the GUI and brings modern code, thus making it much faster than Windows It is also noted that Windows 11 updates are significantly compressed, so the updates are downloaded faster.
Also, Windows 11 does not show signs of the 'Installing Updates' screen while installing updates during 'Update and Restart' phase, thus finishing updates within 5 minutes. The system incorporates a renewed interface called "Mica", which includes translucent backgrounds, rounded edges and color combinations. The taskbar and the Start Menu have been redesigned and for the first time it is possible to place the icons in the center of the bar.
The MSN widget panel, the Microsoft Store, and the file browser, among other applications, have also been redesigned. It is expected that it will soon include compatibility with Android applications.
In addition to this, it is the first version of Windows that only supports bit processors. On July 14, Microsoft announced Windows Since it is going to run on cloud and be streamed to user's device, it can be used from many devices, even on smartphones and other devices. It will be mainly for business users. Now, it supports Windows 10 and Windows 11 too. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Overview of the version history of Microsoft Windows.
See List of Microsoft Windows versions for a tabular view of releases and editions. Main article: Windows 1. Main articles: Windows 2. Main article: Windows 3. Main article: Windows Main article: Windows NT 4. Main article: Windows Me. Main article: Windows Server Main article: Windows Home Server. Main article: Windows Thin PC. Main article: Windows Home Server Main articles: Windows 8 , Windows Server , Windows 8.
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